Treating pulmonary hypertension in the elderly

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Despite an increasingly older pulmonary hypertension (PH) population, data on PH treatments in these patients are limited because there exist no clinical studies dedicated to geriatric groups. Furthermore, elderly patients with comorbidities have been systematically excluded from clinical trials, limiting the evidence base for drugs approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).     

盐酸贝那普利联合硝苯地平治疗高血压的疗效及对血管内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨盐酸贝那普利联合硝苯地平治疗高血压的疗效及对血管内皮功能的影响。方法:回顾性分析某院于2017年6月~2019年6月间收治的106例高血压患者的临床资料,所有患者均采用盐酸贝那普利联合硝苯地平治疗方案,治疗后对血压控制效果及血管内皮功能进行综合评价。结果:患者治疗后24h收缩压和舒张压均较治疗前降低(P<0.05);患者治疗后血管内皮功能显著改善,内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)和神经肽Y(NPY)水平均优于治疗前(P<0.05)。结论:盐酸贝那普利联合硝苯地平治疗高血压的效果较好,不仅能够有效控制血压水平,还能够改善患者血管内皮功能,可作为一种理想的治疗方案在临床推广应用。     

半夏白术天麻汤治疗眩晕高血压病举隅

高血压病是我国发病率较高的疾病之一,西医治疗以长期服用降压药物为主要治疗方式,但常因依从性差的原因导致血压控制不佳,而用中医辨证治疗对于首次发现高血压的患者,可明显有效地降低高血压的发病率。高血压病在中医学中属"眩晕",在临床中常常会用半夏白术天麻汤来治疗眩晕,本文通过跟师医案及临床收集介绍半夏白术天麻汤治疗高血压眩晕临证方药的运用。     

1例房间隔缺损并肺动脉高压患者术后的药学监护

1例23岁女性患者,因"发现房间隔缺损7个月"收入院,诊断为先天性心脏病,房间隔缺损,肺动脉高压(中-重度),行房间隔缺损修补术。术后为维持血流动力学相对稳定,需要用到镇静止痛药、肌肉松弛药、强心利尿药以及多种肺动脉高压靶向制剂。药物种类较多,且呈现不同药代动力学特点。临床药师查阅相关资料,挖掘每个药物的监护点,警惕可能存在的药物相互作用,提出合理用药的建议,保障临床用药安全有效。经积极治疗,最终患者病情稳定出院。     

利咽散结方对自发性高血压大鼠血压及相关炎性因子的影响

目的研究利咽散结方对自发性高血压大鼠血压及相关炎性因子的影响。方法将36只自发性高血压大鼠随机分为利咽散结方组、氨氯地平组、模型组,每组12只。正常WKY大鼠12只作为正常组。利咽散结方组给予利咽散结方药液15.6 g/kg灌胃,氨氯地平组给予氨氯地平药液0.001 g/kg灌胃,模型组和正常组均给予等体积的蒸馏水灌胃,均1次/d,连续8周。测量各组大鼠灌胃前及灌胃2周、4周、6周、8周后血压,末次灌胃结束后用ELISA法测定血清炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平。结果利咽散结方组与氨氯地平组灌胃2周、4周、6周、8周后收缩压与舒张压均显著低于同期模型组(P均<0.05);利咽散结方组灌胃2周、4周、6周、8周后收缩压均显著高于同期氨氯地平组(P<0.05),而舒张压与同期氨氯地平组比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。模型组血清TNF-α、hs-CRP、IL-6水平均明显高于正常组(P均<0.05),IL-10水平明显低于正常组(P<0.05);利咽散结方组与氨氯地平组血清TNF-α、hs-CRP、IL-6水平均明显低于模型组(P均<0.05),且利咽散结方组均明显低于氨氯地平组(P均<0.05);利咽散结方组与氨氯地平组血清IL-10水平均明显高于模型组(P均<0.05),且利咽散结方组明显高于氨氯地平组(P<0.05)。结论利咽散结方可显著降低自发性高血压大鼠血压,其降收缩压效果不如氨氯地平,降舒张压效果与氨氯地平相近,其作用机制可能与调节炎性因子水平有关。     

Treatment strategies for hypertension in patients with type 1 diabetes

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic, autoimmune disease that is characterized by total absence of insulin production. Hypertension is a common comorbidity in T1DM with complex pathophysiology, while it is also a well-recognized risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as other microvascular diabetic complications.     

益气活血通络汤治疗原发性高血压合并糖耐量减低临床研究

目的:观察中药益气活血通络汤治疗高血压合并糖耐量减低的临床疗效。方法:将64例高血压合并糖尿病患者,随机分为2组各32例,对照组口服硝苯地平片治疗;观察组加用中药益气活血通络汤,以治疗前后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)为观察指标。结果:治疗3个月后,观察组疗效优于对照组(Z=-1.998,P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,2组经治疗后SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C均下降,HDL-C上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C与对照组治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,2组经治疗后空腹和餐后2 h血糖、胰岛素、HOMA-IR均下降,ISI上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且经治疗后,观察组上述所有指标改善情况均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者在3个月的治疗期间中均未出现严重不良反应。结论:中药益气活血通络汤治疗高血压合并糖耐量降低疗效较好且安全性高,能显著降低血压,改善血脂。     

社区—家庭心理干预对脑卒中后抑郁患者情绪及康复效果的作用分析

目的 调查老年高血压共病性失眠患者的睡眠质量并探讨其影响因素。 方法 采用一般资料调查表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数评价量表对108例老年高血压共病性失眠患者进行调查。 结果 老年高血压共病性失眠患者睡眠质量总得分为(12.30±2.65)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示：性别、文化程度、高血压病程、SBP和高血压分级是患者睡眠质量总得分的主要影响因素，可解释其总变异的58.40%。 结论 老年高血压共病性失眠患者睡眠质量总得分较高，与患者血压控制情况关系密切，护理人员应重点关注该类患者的血压分级与控制情况，针对不同性别、文化程度的患者开展个性化护理和健康指导，帮助患者提高疾病自我管理能力，改善生活方式和睡眠习惯，从而改善患者的睡眠质量。     

Patients with Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (GAVE) Are at a Higher Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Absence of Cirrhosis

Background and Aims: Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is commonly found in patients with cirrhosis, but it is also associated with other diseases in the absence of cirrhosis. Whether GAVE confers a different severity of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding between patients with and without cirrhosis remains unknown. We aim to examine whether there is a difference in clinically significant GI bleeding due to GAVE in patients with or without cirrhosis. Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study of patients who were diagnosed with GAVE between January 2000 and June 2014. Patients were categorized into cirrhosis and noncirrhosis groups, and those with an additional GI bleeding source were excluded. Univariate comparisons and multivariable models were constructed using logistic regression. Results: In total, 110 patients diagnosed with GAVE on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were included in our analysis; 84 patients had cirrhosis (76.4%) and 26 (23.6%) did not. Active GI bleeding was more prevalent in patients without cirrhosis (63.4% vs. 32.1%, p=0.003) despite similar indications for EGD, and endoscopic treatment with argon plasma coagulation (APC) was required more often in this group, approaching statistical significance (27% vs. 10.7%, p=0.056). There was no difference in bleeding severity, as evidenced by similar re-bleeding rates, surgery, or death attributed to uncontrolled bleeding. The strongest independent risk factor for GI bleeding was the absence of cirrhosis (odds ratio (OR): 5.151 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-24.48, p=0.039). Conclusions: Patients with GAVE in the absence of cirrhosis are at higher risk for active GI bleeding and require more frequent endoscopic treatment than similar patients with cirrhosis. It may be worthwhile to treat GAVE in this population even in the absence of active bleeding.